WHO Guidelines for the Treatment of Leprosy

Overview of Leprosy Treatment

Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed guidelines for the treatment of leprosy, emphasizing the use of Multi-Drug Therapy (MDT), which is highly effective in curing the disease and preventing its transmission.

WHO-Recommended Multi-Drug Therapy (MDT)

Drug Combinations

• Paucibacillary (PB) Leprosy: A 6-month regimen including Rifampicin and Dapsone.
• Multibacillary (MB) Leprosy: A 12-month regimen including Rifampicin, Clofazimine, and Dapsone.

Mechanism of Action

Each drug in MDT works synergistically to eliminate M. leprae and prevent resistance:

• Rifampicin: A bactericidal antibiotic that kills the bacteria.
• Dapsone: Inhibits bacterial growth by interfering with folate synthesis.
• Clofazimine: Has anti-inflammatory properties and aids in bacterial clearance.

Adverse Effects and Management

MDT is generally well tolerated; however, some side effects may occur:

• Skin pigmentation and dryness (Clofazimine).
• Gastrointestinal discomfort (Dapsone).
• Hepatotoxicity (Rifampicin).

Patients should be monitored regularly to manage these effects.

Global Impact of MDT

Since the introduction of MDT, leprosy prevalence has significantly decreased worldwide. WHO continues to promote free MDT distribution to endemic regions to eradicate the disease.