Vocal Cord Paralysis: Treatment Options and Surgical Interventions

Introduction

Vocal cord paralysis is a condition where one or both vocal cords fail to move properly, leading to voice changes, breathing difficulties, and swallowing problems. It can result from nerve damage, surgical trauma, neurological disorders, or infections.

Causes and Symptoms

Causes

• Neurological disorders (e.g., stroke, Parkinson's disease)
• Surgical complications (e.g., thyroid or neck surgeries)
• Viral infections affecting the recurrent laryngeal nerve
• Idiopathic cases with unknown origins

Symptoms

• Hoarseness or breathy voice
• Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
• Chronic coughing or choking episodes
• Reduced ability to speak loudly

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves a thorough medical history, laryngoscopic examination, and imaging tests such as MRI or CT scans to assess nerve function and possible anatomical causes.

Treatment Options

Non-Surgical Approaches

• Voice therapy to strengthen vocal cord function
• Speech pathology interventions
• Augmentation injections using collagen or hyaluronic acid

Surgical Interventions

• Medialization Thyroplasty: Repositions the paralyzed vocal cord to improve phonation.
• Arytenoid Adduction: Adjusts the arytenoid cartilage for better vocal fold closure.
• Nerve Reinnervation: Attempts to restore nerve function by grafting new nerves.

Prognosis and Recovery

Recovery depends on the underlying cause and treatment approach. Some patients regain full voice function, while others require long-term therapy and monitoring.

Conclusion

Vocal cord paralysis significantly impacts voice and airway function. A tailored approach combining voice therapy and surgical interventions can help restore voice quality and improve patient outcomes.