Vitamin C Deficiency: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
Pathophysiology of Vitamin C Deficiency
Vitamin C deficiency can lead to severe health complications such as scurvy, delayed wound healing, and impaired immunity. Early diagnosis and appropriate supplementation can help prevent adverse effects.
Vitamin C Deficiency: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
Pathophysiology of Vitamin C Deficiency
Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, is essential for collagen synthesis, immune function, and antioxidant activity. Its deficiency leads to impaired collagen production, increased oxidative stress, and weakened immune response.
Causes of Vitamin C Deficiency
- Inadequate dietary intake (lack of fruits and vegetables)
- Malabsorption disorders (e.g., Crohn’s disease, celiac disease)
- Increased metabolic demand (pregnancy, infections, chronic diseases)
- Alcoholism and smoking, which deplete vitamin C levels
Clinical Manifestations
Vitamin C deficiency can lead to a spectrum of symptoms, including:
- Fatigue and weakness
- Bleeding gums and easy bruising
- Delayed wound healing
- Joint pain and swelling
- Scurvy – a severe form of deficiency marked by swollen gums, anemia, and corkscrew hairs
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms, dietary assessment, and laboratory tests measuring plasma vitamin C levels. Patients with persistent symptoms or risk factors should undergo evaluation.
Treatment and Prevention
Vitamin C supplementation via dietary sources (citrus fruits, berries, bell peppers) or oral supplements effectively reverses deficiency. Preventive measures involve maintaining adequate intake through a balanced diet.
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