Vitamin C Deficiency and Scurvy

Introduction

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a crucial nutrient that supports multiple physiological functions. Its deficiency leads to a condition known as scurvy, characterized by fatigue, anemia, gum disease, and skin issues.

Biochemical Role of Vitamin C

Vitamin C plays an essential role in collagen synthesis, iron absorption, and immune function. It acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from oxidative stress.

Pathophysiology of Scurvy

Scurvy results from prolonged vitamin C deficiency, affecting connective tissue integrity due to impaired collagen synthesis. Symptoms include poor wound healing, bleeding gums, and joint pain.

Causes of Vitamin C Deficiency

• Inadequate dietary intake (lack of fresh fruits and vegetables)
• Malabsorption disorders
• Medical conditions requiring higher vitamin C intake

Symptoms of Scurvy

• Fatigue and weakness
• Swollen and bleeding gums
• Petechiae and bruising
• Anemia and joint pain

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation and dietary history. Blood tests may confirm ascorbic acid deficiency. Treatment involves vitamin C supplementation through diet or oral supplements.

Prevention Strategies

• Consuming vitamin C-rich foods like citrus fruits, strawberries, and leafy greens
• Addressing underlying medical conditions
• Maintaining a balanced diet