Urticaria and Angioedema: Pediatric Considerations

Introduction

Urticaria and angioedema are common dermatological conditions affecting children. They are characterized by transient wheals and swelling, often triggered by allergens, infections, or systemic diseases.

Causes and Pathophysiology

• Acute Urticaria: Usually triggered by food allergens, viral infections, or medications.
• Chronic Urticaria: Occurs for more than six weeks and may have autoimmune associations.
• Angioedema: Often linked to histamine or bradykinin-mediated pathways, sometimes hereditary.

Clinical Presentation

Children with urticaria develop itchy, raised erythematous wheals, while angioedema presents as deep swelling commonly affecting the lips, eyelids, and extremities.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves clinical evaluation, laboratory tests for allergens, and assessment of any underlying systemic conditions.

Treatment and Management

• Antihistamines: First-line treatment for both conditions.
• Corticosteroids: Used in severe cases or systemic involvement.
• Elimination of Triggers: Identifying and avoiding allergens.
• Immunomodulators: Considered in chronic urticaria.

Conclusion

Pediatric urticaria and angioedema require prompt diagnosis and targeted management to improve quality of life.