Articulating surfaces, types, and movements of the temporomandibular joint
Types of temporomandibular joint
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a vital synovial joint enabling jaw movement for speaking and chewing. Understanding its articulating surfaces, types, and movements helps in diagnosing TMJ disorders.
Articulating Surfaces, Types, and Movements of the Temporomandibular Joint
Introduction
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is one of the most complex and unique joints in the human body. It plays a crucial role in mastication, speech, and overall facial movement.
Articulating Surfaces
The TMJ consists of the articulation between the mandibular condyle and the temporal bone. It is enclosed within a synovial capsule and features an articular disc that enhances movement and function.
Types of Temporomandibular Joint
- Synovial Joint: The TMJ is classified as a synovial joint with an articular disc dividing it into upper and lower compartments.
- Hinge and Gliding Joint: The lower compartment enables hinge movements, while the upper compartment allows gliding movements.
Movements of the Temporomandibular Joint
- Opening and Closing: The depression and elevation of the mandible facilitate chewing and speaking.
- Protrusion and Retraction: Forward and backward movements enable the extension of the lower jaw.
- Lateral Movements: Side-to-side shifts allow grinding of food.
Clinical Significance
Disorders of the TMJ, such as temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD), can lead to pain, clicking sounds, and restricted movement.
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