Types of Pneumonia

Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs, leading to symptoms such as coughing, fever, and difficulty breathing. Understanding the different types is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment.

Classification of Pneumonia

1. Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)

CAP occurs outside of hospital settings and is often caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.

2. Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP)

HAP develops in hospitalized patients and is typically more resistant to antibiotics.

3. Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP)

VAP occurs in individuals receiving mechanical ventilation, posing significant treatment challenges.

Diagnostic Approaches

1. Clinical Evaluation

• Assessment of symptoms: fever, cough, chest pain.
• Physical examination for lung abnormalities.

2. Imaging Techniques

Chest X-rays and CT scans help visualize lung inflammation and differentiate pneumonia types.

3. Laboratory Tests

• Blood tests to detect infection.
• Sputum culture for identifying causative pathogens.