Types of Neural Tube Defects and Their Embryological Basis
Myelomeningocele and Meningocele: Differences and Formation
Neural tube defects arise due to improper closure of the neural tube during embryonic development. This blog explores their embryological basis and differences between myelomeningocele and meningocele.
Types of Neural Tube Defects and Their Embryological Basis
Myelomeningocele and Meningocele: Differences and Formation
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are congenital malformations that arise due to improper closure of the neural tube during early embryonic development. These defects affect the brain, spine, or spinal cord and can lead to varying degrees of impairment.
Embryological Basis of Neural Tube Defects
The neural tube forms from the ectoderm during the third and fourth weeks of embryogenesis. Failure in the closure process can lead to open or closed spinal dysraphism.
Types of Neural Tube Defects
- Myelomeningocele: A severe form where the spinal cord and meninges protrude through an open vertebral column.
- Meningocele: A less severe condition where only the meninges protrude through a vertebral defect, but the spinal cord remains intact.
Pathogenesis and Risk Factors
Genetic mutations, folate deficiency, and environmental factors contribute to the occurrence of NTDs. Adequate maternal folic acid intake significantly reduces the risk.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis is commonly done via ultrasound and maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) screening. Treatment involves surgical intervention, physiotherapy, and supportive care.
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