Types of Neural Tube Defects and Their Embryological Basis
Encephalocele: Pathogenesis and Developmental Errors
Encephalocele, a neural tube defect, arises due to improper embryological development, leading to brain tissue protrusion through skull defects.
Types of Neural Tube Defects and Their Embryological Basis
Encephalocele: Pathogenesis and Developmental Errors
Neural tube defects (NTDs) arise due to improper closure of the neural tube during embryogenesis. Encephalocele is a rare NTD characterized by protrusion of brain tissue through a skull defect. The failure of neural tube closure at specific sites leads to its pathogenesis.
Embryological Basis
The neural tube forms through primary neurulation around the third and fourth week of gestation. Failure in this process results in structural malformations such as encephalocele.
Types of Encephaloceles
- Frontal encephalocele
- Occipital encephalocele
- Parietal encephalocele
Causes and Risk Factors
Several factors contribute to encephalocele development, including genetic mutations, folic acid deficiency, and environmental influences.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis is typically confirmed via prenatal ultrasound or MRI. Surgical intervention is the primary treatment to correct the defect and protect neural tissue.
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