Types of Cartilage and Their Distribution in the Human Body

Hyaline Cartilage: Structure, Function, and Locations

Cartilage is a specialized connective tissue that provides structural support and flexibility to various parts of the body. Hyaline cartilage is the most abundant type and serves critical functions in joint articulation and respiratory structures.

Structure of Hyaline Cartilage

Hyaline cartilage is composed of a gel-like extracellular matrix rich in proteoglycans, collagen type II fibers, and chondrocytes housed in lacunae. This composition allows for shock absorption and smooth articulation in joints.

Function of Hyaline Cartilage

• Provides smooth surfaces for joint movement
• Supports the respiratory tract, such as the trachea and bronchi
• Facilitates fetal skeletal development and subsequent bone formation

Locations of Hyaline Cartilage

This cartilage is found in various anatomical structures, including:

• Articular surfaces of synovial joints
• Costal cartilages of the ribs
• Nasal septum
• Parts of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi

Clinical Relevance

Damage to hyaline cartilage can lead to degenerative joint diseases such as osteoarthritis, where the loss of cartilage results in pain and impaired movement.