Etiology, Classification, and Complications of Aneurysms

Introduction

Aneurysms are localized dilations of blood vessels caused by structural weaknesses in their walls. They may occur in various parts of the body, with aortic aneurysms being particularly dangerous due to the risk of rupture.

Types of Aneurysms

True vs. False Aneurysms

• True Aneurysms: Involve all three layers of the arterial wall (intima, media, and adventitia).
• False Aneurysms: Occur due to a breach in the vessel wall, resulting in blood leakage contained by surrounding tissues.

Saccular vs. Fusiform Aneurysms

• Saccular Aneurysms: Spherical in shape and typically occur at arterial bifurcations.
• Fusiform Aneurysms: Involve circumferential dilation along a vessel’s length.

Etiology

Aneurysms can arise due to various factors, including:

• Atherosclerosis
• Hypertension
• Genetic predisposition (e.g., Marfan syndrome)
• Infections (e.g., mycotic aneurysms)
• Trauma

Complications

• Rupture leading to fatal hemorrhage
• Thrombosis and embolism
• Compression of adjacent structures
• Dissecting aneurysms affecting vessel integrity

Conclusion

Understanding aneurysm pathology is crucial for early diagnosis and management. Treatment options range from lifestyle modifications to surgical interventions.