Types, Causes, and Effects of Protein-Energy Malnutrition

Introduction

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is a serious health condition caused by inadequate protein and energy intake. It affects millions worldwide, particularly in regions with food scarcity.

Types of PEM

• Kwashiorkor: Characterized by edema, irritability, and an enlarged liver due to inadequate protein intake.
• Marasmus: Severe wasting due to prolonged deficiency of both protein and calories.

Causes

• Dietary Deficiency: Poor diet lacking essential nutrients.
• Socioeconomic Factors: Poverty, food insecurity, and lack of access to healthcare.
• Underlying Medical Conditions: Chronic diseases, infections, and malabsorption disorders.

Effects on Health

PEM leads to impaired growth, weakened immunity, and increased susceptibility to infections. Severe cases can result in death.

Prevention and Management

Addressing PEM requires improved nutrition, socioeconomic development, and medical intervention. Balanced diets, healthcare access, and social support are crucial.

Conclusion

Combating PEM is essential for global health. Awareness and action can significantly reduce its prevalence and impact.