Tubulointerstitial Diseases: Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis

Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis (ATIN) is an inflammatory condition affecting the renal tubules and interstitial tissue.

Causes

• Drug-induced nephritis (NSAIDs, antibiotics, diuretics)
• Infections (viral, bacterial)
• Autoimmune diseases (Sjögren's syndrome, lupus)

Clinical Features

• Fever
• Hematuria
• Flank pain
• Acute kidney injury (AKI)

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, and imaging. A renal biopsy may be required.

Treatment

Treatment primarily involves identifying and removing the causative agent. Corticosteroids may be used in severe cases.

Prognosis

Prognosis depends on early diagnosis and management. In most cases, kidney function improves with appropriate treatment.