Tuberculous Lymphadenitis
Treatment and Management
Tuberculous lymphadenitis is a treatable extrapulmonary manifestation of TB. Early diagnosis and adherence to therapy significantly improve outcomes.
Tuberculous Lymphadenitis: Treatment and Management
Tuberculous lymphadenitis is a common extrapulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis, primarily affecting lymph nodes. Early diagnosis and effective treatment are crucial in managing this condition.
Understanding Tuberculous Lymphadenitis
This condition is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, leading to chronic inflammation of the lymph nodes, often presenting as painless swelling in cervical regions.
Diagnosis
- Clinical Examination: Evaluates symptoms such as fever, weight loss, and persistent lymph node enlargement.
- Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC): A minimally invasive procedure to collect samples for microscopic evaluation.
- Tuberculin Skin Test: Determines prior exposure to tuberculosis bacteria.
- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): Detects Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA.
- Histopathology: Identifies granulomas characteristic of TB infection.
Management and Treatment
First-Line Therapy
Standard anti-tubercular treatment (ATT) includes a combination of:
- Isoniazid
- Rifampin
- Pyrazinamide
- Ethambutol
Treatment duration typically spans six months, with an intensive initial phase followed by a continuation phase.
Surgical Intervention
Surgery is reserved for cases with persistent abscesses, draining sinuses, or resistance to pharmacological therapy.
Preventive Measures
- BCG vaccination for high-risk groups.
- Early detection and management of pulmonary TB to prevent lymphatic spread.
- Regular follow-ups to monitor treatment response and prevent complications.
Conclusion
Timely diagnosis and adherence to therapy are essential in effectively managing tuberculous lymphadenitis and preventing complications.