Anatomical Basis of Claw Hand

Overview

Claw hand is a deformity resulting from ulnar nerve damage, leading to an imbalance in finger flexion and extension. This condition affects the ability to grip and manipulate objects.

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

The ulnar nerve supplies the intrinsic muscles of the hand, including the interossei and lumbricals for digits 4 and 5. When injured, the hyperextension at the metacarpophalangeal joints and flexion at the interphalangeal joints manifest as the characteristic 'claw hand.'

Etiology and Risk Factors

• Trauma or compression of the ulnar nerve
• Diabetic neuropathy
• Leprosy-related neuropathy
• Cubital tunnel syndrome

Treatment Modalities

Conservative Management

• Physical therapy to improve strength and mobility
• Splinting to prevent contractures
• Anti-inflammatory medications

Surgical Intervention

• Nerve decompression surgery
• Tendon transfer procedures

Rehabilitation Strategies

Rehabilitation focuses on restoring hand function through targeted exercises, occupational therapy, and assistive devices.