Etiopathogenesis, Clinical Features, and Management of Vitamin B12 and Folate Deficiency Anemia

Treatment and Management of Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia

Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia is a condition caused by insufficient levels of Vitamin B12, leading to impaired red blood cell production and various neurological complications.

Causes and Risk Factors

• Pernicious anemia
• Dietary deficiency (strict vegan diets)
• Malabsorption syndromes
• Gastrointestinal disorders (e.g., Crohn's disease)

Clinical Features

• Fatigue and weakness
• Pale skin
• Neurological symptoms: paresthesia, cognitive impairment
• Glossitis and oral ulcers

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves measuring serum Vitamin B12 levels, methylmalonic acid (MMA), homocysteine levels, and conducting a complete blood count (CBC).

Treatment and Management

• Vitamin B12 supplementation (oral or intramuscular)
• Addressing underlying causes (e.g., treating malabsorption disorders)
• Regular monitoring of hematologic and neurological recovery
• Dietary modifications to ensure adequate Vitamin B12 intake

Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can significantly improve patient outcomes and prevent irreversible complications.