The Role of Penicillin Prophylaxis in Preventing Rheumatic Heart Disease

Introduction

Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) is a severe and preventable condition resulting from recurrent rheumatic fever. Long-term penicillin prophylaxis is essential to prevent disease progression.

Understanding Rheumatic Heart Disease

RHD develops due to repeated infections with Group A Streptococcus (GAS). The body's immune response damages the heart valves, leading to chronic heart disease.

Importance of Penicillin Prophylaxis

Penicillin is the primary antibiotic used to prevent recurrent GAS infections, thereby reducing the risk of RHD.

Guidelines for Penicillin Prophylaxis

Duration: Depending on severity, prophylaxis may last 5–10 years or until the patient is 40 years old.
Dosage: Intramuscular Benzathine Penicillin G every 3–4 weeks is preferred. Oral Penicillin V can be used in cases of intolerance.
Monitoring: Regular follow-ups are necessary to ensure compliance and prevent adverse reactions.

Challenges and Future Perspectives

Barriers to effective prophylaxis include patient non-compliance, lack of healthcare access, and antibiotic resistance concerns. Research continues to optimize treatment strategies.