Temperature Regulation in Neonates

Physiological Mechanisms of Thermoregulation

Neonates, particularly preterm infants, have an underdeveloped thermoregulatory system, making them susceptible to temperature fluctuations. Effective temperature regulation is critical for neonatal survival and overall health.

Factors Influencing Neonatal Thermoregulation

• High Surface Area-to-Body Weight Ratio: Leads to rapid heat loss.
• Limited Brown Fat Stores: Essential for non-shivering thermogenesis.
• Immature Sweating Mechanisms: Reduces ability to cool down efficiently.

Methods of Heat Loss in Neonates

1. Conduction: Direct contact with cold surfaces.
2. Convection: Air movement around the neonate.
3. Radiation: Heat dissipation to colder objects nearby.
4. Evaporation: Heat loss due to amniotic fluid or bathing.

Thermoregulation Strategies

Healthcare providers use various methods to maintain neonatal temperature, including:

• Skin-to-skin contact (kangaroo care)
• Incubators with controlled temperature settings
• Swaddling and thermal blankets
• Warm intravenous fluids