Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) Procedure and Interpretation

The Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) is a fundamental clinical technique used to assess rectal and prostate health. It is performed by inserting a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum to evaluate structures for abnormalities.

Why is a DRE Performed?

• Screening for prostate abnormalities, including cancer.
• Detecting rectal masses or irregularities.
• Assessing anorectal disorders such as hemorrhoids and fistulas.

Preparation for the DRE

Prior to the procedure, the patient should be informed about the process and purpose of the examination. The individual is usually positioned in a standing, lateral, or lithotomy position depending on the clinical setting.

Step-by-Step Procedure

1. The clinician wears gloves and applies a lubricant to the examining finger.
2. The finger is gently inserted into the rectum.
3. Palpation is done to assess the rectal walls, prostate (in males), and adjacent structures.
4. Findings are documented, including texture, size, and presence of masses.

Interpretation of Findings

Normal findings include a soft rectal wall and a symmetrical prostate gland. Abnormal findings may suggest pathologies such as:

• Prostate Cancer: Hard, nodular prostate.
• Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Enlarged but smooth prostate.
• Rectal Carcinoma: Irregular, firm rectal masses.

Clinical Implications

While a DRE is a valuable diagnostic tool, additional tests such as Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) levels or biopsy are often required for confirmation of suspected conditions.