Anatomy and Function of the Pericardium

The pericardium is a double-layered sac that surrounds the heart, providing protection and structural stability. It plays a crucial role in cardiac function by reducing friction and preventing excessive movement of the heart within the thoracic cavity.

Subdivisions of the Pericardium

Fibrous Pericardium

This tough, inelastic outer layer is composed of dense connective tissue. It serves as a protective barrier and anchors the heart within the mediastinum.

Serous Pericardium

The serous pericardium consists of two layers:

• Parietal Layer: Lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium.
• Visceral Layer (Epicardium): Closely adheres to the heart’s surface and secretes pericardial fluid.

Functions of the Pericardium

• Protection: Shields the heart from infections and external trauma.
• Lubrication: Pericardial fluid minimizes friction during cardiac contractions.
• Mechanical Support: Maintains optimal heart positioning within the chest cavity.
• Hemodynamic Regulation: Prevents excessive expansion of the heart chambers.