Structure and Function of the Knee Joint

Introduction

The knee joint is one of the most important joints in the human body, allowing movement and bearing weight. It is a complex structure composed of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons, ensuring stability and mobility.

Anatomy of the Knee Joint

Bones Involved

• Femur - The thigh bone, forming the upper part of the knee joint.
• Tibia - The shin bone, forming the lower part of the knee joint.
• Patella - The kneecap, protecting the knee joint and aiding movement.

Cartilage

The knee joint contains two types of cartilage:

• Articular Cartilage - Covers the bone surfaces, reducing friction.
• Meniscus - Acts as a shock absorber, cushioning the joint.

Types of Knee Joints

Synovial Joint

The knee is classified as a synovial joint, specifically a hinge joint, allowing flexion and extension.

Function of the Knee Joint

• Facilitates movement, including walking, running, and jumping.
• Provides stability to the lower limb.
• Supports weight-bearing activities.

Common Knee Injuries

Ligament Tears

Common injuries include ACL and MCL tears, which affect knee stability.

Osteoarthritis

A degenerative condition causing knee pain and stiffness.

Conclusion

The knee joint is a vital structure for movement and stability. Understanding its anatomy and function helps in injury prevention and proper care.