Structure and Function of the Knee Joint

Relations of the Knee Joint

The knee joint, one of the most complex and essential joints in the human body, facilitates movement and stability.

Anatomy of the Knee Joint

The knee is a synovial hinge joint that connects the femur, tibia, and patella. It consists of several crucial components:

• Femur: The thigh bone forming the superior part of the knee joint.
• Tibia: The shin bone articulating with the femur below.
• Patella: The knee cap, protecting and improving the efficiency of the quadriceps muscle.
• Ligaments: The ACL, PCL, MCL, and LCL providing structural integrity.
• Menisci: Cartilaginous structures that aid in shock absorption.

Functions of the Knee Joint

The knee enables various movements, including:

• Flexion and extension for walking and running.
• Rotation for agility.
• Shock absorption during movement.

Clinical Significance

Common knee conditions include osteoarthritis, ligament injuries, and meniscal tears. Proper care and rehabilitation are essential for knee health.