Structural and Functional Features of the Sternum

Overview

The sternum, commonly known as the breastbone, is a long, flat bone located in the central part of the thorax. It plays a critical role in protecting vital organs and supporting the rib cage.

Anatomical Position

The sternum is situated anteriorly in the chest and connects to the clavicles and the first seven pairs of ribs via costal cartilages.

Structural Features

Three Main Sections

• Manubrium: The broad upper portion that articulates with the clavicles and the first ribs.
• Body: The longest part, which serves as the primary site of rib attachment.
• Xiphoid Process: A small cartilaginous extension at the lower end that ossifies with age.

Functional Features

The sternum serves several essential functions:

• Protection: Shields the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels from external forces.
• Support: Provides structural integrity to the rib cage.
• Breathing Assistance: Works with ribs to facilitate expansion and contraction of the thoracic cavity during respiration.

Clinical Significance

The sternum is vital in clinical diagnostics and surgical procedures such as cardiothoracic surgeries. It is also susceptible to fractures from blunt trauma and conditions like sternal osteomyelitis.