Structural and Functional Features of the Sternum

Introduction

The sternum, commonly known as the breastbone, is a crucial anatomical structure that plays a central role in the protection of thoracic organs and respiration. Understanding its structure and function is essential in human anatomy.

Anatomical Structure of the Sternum

The sternum is a flat, elongated bone located in the anterior midline of the chest. It consists of three primary sections:

• Manubrium: The uppermost part, articulates with the clavicles and the first pair of ribs.
• Body: The central and largest portion, serves as the attachment site for ribs two through seven.
• Xiphoid Process: The smallest, inferior segment, which ossifies fully in adulthood.

Functional Role in Respiration

The rib cage, including the sternum, assists in breathing by enabling the expansion and contraction of the thoracic cavity. This movement is facilitated by the intercostal muscles and diaphragm.

Protective Function

The sternum and rib cage serve as a vital shield for organs such as the heart and lungs, preventing damage from external forces.

Clinical Significance

The sternum is critical in medical procedures such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and open-heart surgeries. Conditions like sternal fractures and congenital anomalies require specialized medical attention.