Structural and functional features of the sternum
Detailed anatomical description of the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process
The sternum is a vital component of the thoracic skeleton, providing structural support, protection for vital organs, and muscle attachments essential for respiration and posture.
Structural and Functional Features of the Sternum
The sternum, or breastbone, is a long, flat bone located in the center of the chest. It serves as a critical structural component of the thoracic skeleton, providing attachment points for ribs and protecting vital organs such as the heart and lungs.
Anatomical Features
Manubrium
The manubrium is the superior portion of the sternum. It articulates with the clavicles and the first pair of ribs, forming important joints involved in upper body mobility.
Body
The body, or corpus sterni, is the longest part of the sternum. It connects with the second to seventh ribs, forming costosternal joints that facilitate respiration and chest expansion.
Xiphoid Process
The xiphoid process is the smallest and most inferior portion of the sternum. Although initially cartilaginous, it ossifies with age and plays a role in the attachment of abdominal muscles.
Functional Significance
- Protection: Shields the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels.
- Support: Provides structural integrity to the rib cage.
- Muscle Attachment: Serves as a site for several muscles involved in respiration and posture.