Structural and Functional Features of the Sternum

Introduction

The sternum, or breastbone, is a flat bone located at the center of the chest, providing structural support and protection for vital organs.

Anatomy of the Sternum

Components of the Sternum

• Manubrium: The uppermost part that articulates with the clavicles and first pair of ribs.
• Body: The central portion where most ribs attach via costal cartilage.
• Xiphoid Process: The lowest segment, often cartilaginous in young individuals.

Articulations of the Sternum

Connections with Ribs

The sternum connects with ribs via costal cartilage, enabling flexibility in thoracic movements.

Connection with Clavicles

The manubrium houses the sternoclavicular joint, allowing upper limb movement.

Functional Importance

The sternum plays a crucial role in protecting the heart and lungs, serving as a key element in respiratory mechanics.

Clinical Significance

Fractures, congenital deformities like pectus excavatum, and surgical interventions are relevant aspects of sternum-related medical concerns.