Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Classification Based on Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive condition characterized by a decline in kidney function over time. It is classified into five stages based on the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), which indicates how efficiently the kidneys filter waste from the blood.

Stages of CKD

• Stage 1: Kidney damage with normal or increased GFR (>90 mL/min). Often asymptomatic, but may present with proteinuria or structural abnormalities.
• Stage 2: Mild decline in GFR (60-89 mL/min). Patients may remain asymptomatic, though early signs of kidney damage may be detected.
• Stage 3a: Moderate decrease in GFR (45-59 mL/min). Symptoms like fatigue, fluid retention, and mild anemia may begin to appear.
• Stage 3b: Further decline in GFR (30-44 mL/min). Patients may experience worsening complications, including hypertension and bone mineral disorders.
• Stage 4: Severe decrease in GFR (15-29 mL/min). Symptoms are more pronounced, and preparation for renal replacement therapy (dialysis or transplant) is advised.
• Stage 5 (End-Stage Renal Disease): GFR <15 mL/min. Kidney failure necessitates dialysis or transplant for survival.

Diagnosis and Management

CKD diagnosis involves assessing GFR, urine albumin levels, and imaging studies. Management includes controlling underlying conditions like hypertension and diabetes, dietary modifications, and medication to slow disease progression.

Conclusion

Early detection and management of CKD are crucial in preventing complications and improving quality of life. Patients should undergo regular screening and adhere to medical advice for better disease outcomes.