Anatomy and Function of the Pericardium

Sinuses of the Pericardium

The pericardium, a double-layered membranous sac, surrounds the heart and provides protection, lubrication, and structural stability. Among its anatomical features are the sinuses, which are recesses formed by the reflections of the pericardial layers.

Transverse Pericardial Sinus

The transverse pericardial sinus is a passage between the arterial and venous sections of the heart's great vessels. Located behind the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk, this sinus is of clinical importance in cardiac surgery, particularly during procedures involving the aortic arch.

Oblique Pericardial Sinus

The oblique pericardial sinus lies posterior to the left atrium, bordered by the pulmonary veins and the inferior vena cava. This sinus provides a potential space for fluid accumulation in conditions such as pericardial effusion.

Clinical Significance

• Identification of the sinuses aids in surgical interventions, including bypass grafting and valve replacement.
• Pericardial effusion and tamponade may alter the appearance of these sinuses in imaging studies.
• Knowledge of sinus anatomy helps clinicians differentiate between normal and pathological pericardial changes.

Understanding the sinuses of the pericardium enhances the ability to diagnose and treat conditions affecting cardiac function.