Pharmacology of Drugs Used in Parkinson's Disease: Dosage, Side Effects, and Interactions

Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by motor symptoms such as tremors, bradykinesia, and rigidity. The pharmacological treatment of Parkinson’s disease focuses on dopamine replacement and symptom management through various classes of medications.

Common Drugs for Parkinson’s Disease

Levodopa and Carbidopa

• Dosage: Typically prescribed in combination (Sinemet) with dosing adjusted based on patient response.
• Side Effects: Nausea, hypotension, dyskinesia, hallucinations.
• Interactions: Can interact with MAO inhibitors, increasing the risk of hypertensive crisis.

Dopamine Agonists

• Examples: Ropinirole, Pramipexole.
• Side Effects: Orthostatic hypotension, compulsive behaviors, hallucinations.

MAO-B Inhibitors

• Examples: Selegiline, Rasagiline.
• Side Effects: Insomnia, nausea, potential serotonin syndrome when combined with SSRIs.

Adverse Reactions and Monitoring

Patients should be monitored for side effects such as dyskinesia, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and cardiovascular changes. Dose adjustments may be necessary to optimize therapeutic effects and minimize adverse reactions.

Conclusion

Pharmacological management of Parkinson’s disease requires individualized treatment plans and careful monitoring of drug interactions and adverse effects.