Sensory Innervation of the Face
Maxillary Division (V2): Innervation Zones
The maxillary division (V2) of the trigeminal nerve provides sensory innervation to the middle third of the face, including the upper lip, cheek, and nasal regions.
Sensory Innervation of the Face: Maxillary Division (V2)
The maxillary division (V2) of the trigeminal nerve plays a crucial role in the sensory innervation of the middle third of the face. Originating from the trigeminal ganglion, this purely sensory branch travels through the skull and emerges to provide cutaneous innervation.
Anatomical Pathway
V2 exits the skull via the foramen rotundum and enters the pterygopalatine fossa. From here, it gives off multiple branches that supply distinct regions.
Innervation Zones
- Infraorbital Nerve: Supplies the skin of the lower eyelid, upper lip, and lateral nose.
- Zygomatic Nerve: Innervates the skin over the cheekbone region.
- Superior Alveolar Nerves: Provides sensory input from the upper teeth and surrounding gingiva.
- Nasal Branches: Innervate portions of the nasal cavity and external nose.
Clinical Significance
Understanding V2 innervation is essential in diagnosing neuropathic conditions, facial trauma, and surgical interventions. Damage to the maxillary division can result in sensory deficits, paresthesia, or neuralgia.
Conclusion
The maxillary division (V2) of the trigeminal nerve is responsible for sensory input from key facial structures. Knowledge of its anatomical course and innervation zones is indispensable for medical professionals in neurology, dentistry, and surgery.
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