Scleritis: Understanding Its Etiology and Risk Factors

Scleritis is a severe inflammatory condition affecting the sclera, the white outer layer of the eye. It can cause significant ocular pain, redness, and potential vision loss if left untreated.

Etiology of Scleritis

Scleritis is primarily associated with autoimmune disorders. Some key causes include:

• Autoimmune Diseases: Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and granulomatosis with polyangiitis.
• Infectious Causes: Bacterial, viral, and fungal infections such as syphilis, tuberculosis, and herpes zoster.
• Idiopathic Origins: In some cases, no underlying condition can be identified.

Risk Factors for Scleritis

The following factors increase the risk of developing scleritis:

• Presence of systemic autoimmune diseases
• Chronic infections or history of infectious diseases
• Ocular trauma or recent surgery
• Prolonged use of immunosuppressants
• Genetic predisposition to inflammatory disorders

Diagnosis and Management

Early diagnosis of scleritis is crucial for preventing complications. Physicians use clinical examination, imaging techniques, and laboratory tests to identify underlying causes. Treatment involves:

• Corticosteroids and Immunosuppressants: Used to control inflammation.
• Antibiotics or Antiviral Therapy: If an infectious cause is suspected.
• Regular Monitoring: Ensuring underlying conditions remain managed effectively.

Conclusion

Scleritis is a serious ocular condition requiring prompt medical attention. Understanding its etiology and risk factors can help in early detection and effective management.