Relationship Between CD4 Cell Count and Risk of Opportunistic Infections

Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on CD4 Counts and Infection Risk

CD4 cells, also known as T-helper cells, play a crucial role in the immune response. Their count in the blood is an essential marker for assessing the health of the immune system, particularly in individuals living with HIV.

CD4 Cell Count and Infection Risk

Low CD4 counts increase susceptibility to opportunistic infections. Below are the typical risk levels:

• CD4 count above 500 cells/μL: Low risk of opportunistic infections.
• CD4 count between 200-500 cells/μL: Increased risk of bacterial infections, tuberculosis, and fungal infections.
• CD4 count below 200 cells/μL: High risk of severe opportunistic infections such as pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), toxoplasmosis, and cryptococcal meningitis.

Role of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)

ART is the cornerstone of HIV treatment. It helps in:

• Increasing CD4 cell count, thereby reducing infection risk.
• Suppressing HIV viral load, preventing further immune damage.
• Enhancing quality of life and longevity.

Early initiation of ART is crucial to maintaining a robust immune system and preventing severe complications.

Preventing Opportunistic Infections

Patients with low CD4 counts should follow preventive strategies such as:

• Taking prophylactic antibiotics and antifungal medications.
• Receiving vaccinations against common infections.
• Maintaining proper hygiene and avoiding exposure to pathogens.