Principles of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)

Objectives and Mechanisms of HAART

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) is a critical approach in the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. It involves the use of multiple antiretroviral drugs to suppress viral replication and enhance immune function.

Objectives of HAART

• Reduce HIV viral load to undetectable levels
• Prevent disease progression
• Enhance patient quality of life
• Minimize drug resistance development

Mechanisms of HAART

HAART works by utilizing a combination of antiretroviral drug classes, including:

• Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (RTIs): Block the enzyme required for viral replication.
• Protease Inhibitors (PIs): Prevent viral maturation by inhibiting protease enzymes.
• Integrase Inhibitors: Restrict the integration of viral DNA into host cells.
• Entry Inhibitors: Block viral entry into immune cells.

Conclusion

HAART has revolutionized HIV treatment, reducing morbidity and mortality rates significantly. Adherence to therapy and early intervention remain key in achieving optimal outcomes.