Principles of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)

Understanding HAART

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) is a combination of antiretroviral drugs used to treat HIV/AIDS. It significantly reduces viral load, enhances immune function, and prolongs life expectancy.

Long-Term Metabolic and Organ Effects

Metabolic Complications

• Dyslipidemia: HAART can elevate cholesterol and triglyceride levels, increasing cardiovascular risk.
• Insulin Resistance: Some antiretrovirals contribute to insulin resistance, leading to glucose intolerance and potential diabetes.

Organ-Specific Effects

• Liver Toxicity: Certain antiretrovirals, particularly protease inhibitors, may induce hepatotoxicity.
• Renal Impairment: Tenofovir-based therapies are linked to nephrotoxicity and decreased renal function.

Strategies for Managing Side Effects

Regular monitoring, lifestyle adjustments, and medication review can mitigate HAART-related complications, ensuring optimal therapy benefits.