Principles and Therapeutic Regimens of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis

Introduction

Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is a crucial preventive medical treatment administered after potential exposure to an infectious disease. Commonly used in cases of HIV, hepatitis B, and rabies exposure, PEP can significantly reduce infection risk when properly administered.

Recommended Drug Regimens

HIV PEP

HIV PEP involves a 28-day regimen of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiated within 72 hours post-exposure. The preferred regimen includes:

• Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate + Emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) combined with
• Raltegravir (RAL) or Dolutegravir (DTG)

Hepatitis B PEP

For individuals exposed to hepatitis B virus (HBV), PEP includes:

• Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) if the exposed individual is unvaccinated
• Initiation of the hepatitis B vaccine series

Rabies PEP

Rabies PEP consists of:

• Rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) administered around the wound site
• Four-dose rabies vaccine series given over 14 days

Administration Guidelines

Proper administration and timing are critical for PEP effectiveness:

• PEP should be started as soon as possible, ideally within hours of exposure.
• Complete adherence to the prescribed regimen ensures optimal protection.
• Follow-up testing is necessary for HIV PEP to confirm infection status.

Conclusion

Post-exposure prophylaxis plays a vital role in preventing disease transmission. Timely intervention, correct drug selection, and adherence to treatment protocols can significantly reduce infection risks.