Principles and Applications of Oxygen Therapy

Physiological Role of Oxygen in the Human Body

Oxygen is an essential component of life, playing a crucial role in cellular metabolism and energy production. In respiratory medicine, oxygen therapy is employed to support patients with hypoxemia or respiratory failure.

Importance of Oxygen in the Human Body

• Supports cellular respiration by facilitating ATP production.
• Maintains adequate oxygenation of tissues and organs.
• Prevents complications arising from hypoxia.

Indications for Oxygen Therapy

Oxygen therapy is prescribed in various clinical conditions, including:

• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
• Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
• Pneumonia.
• Carbon monoxide poisoning.
• Postoperative respiratory support.

Types of Oxygen Delivery Systems

Depending on the patient's condition, different oxygen delivery methods can be used:

• Nasal Cannula: Low-flow oxygen delivery for mild hypoxia.
• Face Mask: Suitable for moderate oxygen needs.
• Venturi Mask: Controlled oxygen concentration for COPD patients.
• Non-Rebreather Mask: High-flow oxygen delivery for severe hypoxia.
• Mechanical Ventilation: For patients with respiratory failure requiring life support.

Potential Risks and Considerations

While oxygen therapy is beneficial, excessive oxygen use can lead to complications such as oxygen toxicity and hypercapnia. Careful monitoring and adherence to prescribed oxygen levels are crucial.

Conclusion

Oxygen therapy remains a cornerstone in respiratory medicine, aiding patients with compromised lung function. Understanding its principles and applications ensures effective and safe administration.