Principles and Applications of Oxygen Therapy

Methods of Oxygen Delivery: Devices and Techniques

Oxygen therapy is an essential component in managing various respiratory disorders. It involves the administration of supplemental oxygen to patients who require it to maintain adequate oxygenation.

Types of Oxygen Delivery Devices

• Nasal Cannula: A lightweight device providing low-flow oxygen.
• Simple Face Mask: Used for moderate oxygen delivery.
• Venturi Mask: Allows precise control of oxygen concentration.
• Non-Rebreather Mask: Provides high oxygen concentrations.
• High-Flow Nasal Cannula: Offers heated, humidified oxygen at higher flow rates.
• Mechanical Ventilation: For patients requiring advanced respiratory support.

Techniques of Oxygen Administration

• Oxygen is typically delivered through wall outlets or portable oxygen cylinders.
• Humidification may be used to prevent airway dryness.
• Monitoring oxygen saturation levels (SpO2) via pulse oximetry ensures proper therapy.

Clinical Applications of Oxygen Therapy

• Treatment of hypoxemia in conditions like COPD, pneumonia, and ARDS.
• Postoperative oxygen supplementation.
• Emergency management in cases of severe respiratory distress.
• Support during anesthesia and intensive care.

Precautions and Risks

• Prolonged high oxygen concentration may cause oxygen toxicity.
• Hypercapnia risk in COPD patients receiving uncontrolled oxygen therapy.
• Ensure proper device selection for optimal effectiveness.