Preoperative Evaluation and Assessment of Surgical Readiness

Introduction

Ensuring patient safety before surgery requires a thorough preoperative evaluation. This process assesses cardiopulmonary function and stratifies anesthesia risks to optimize surgical outcomes.

Cardiopulmonary Assessment

Cardiac Evaluation

• History of cardiovascular disease
• Electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography
• Functional capacity assessment
• Risk stratification using tools like the Revised Cardiac Risk Index

Pulmonary Evaluation

• Assessment of respiratory function and comorbidities
• Spirometry and arterial blood gas analysis
• Smoking cessation strategies

Anesthesia Risk Stratification

ASA Classification

The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification is a key predictor of perioperative risks.

Additional Risk Factors

• Age-related considerations
• Obesity and obstructive sleep apnea
• Medication interactions

Conclusion

Comprehensive preoperative evaluation is essential for patient safety. A multidisciplinary approach can optimize outcomes and minimize complications.