Pharmacology of Local Anesthetics

Mechanism of Action of Local Anesthetics

Local anesthetics work by blocking sodium channels in nerve cells, preventing the conduction of nerve impulses and thus inhibiting pain sensation.

Classification of Local Anesthetics

• Amide local anesthetics (e.g., lidocaine, bupivacaine)
• Ester local anesthetics (e.g., procaine, tetracaine)

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

Local anesthetics have different onset times and durations based on their lipid solubility and protein binding properties.

Clinical Applications

Local anesthetics are used in various medical procedures, including dental procedures, minor surgeries, and regional anesthesia techniques.

Side Effects and Toxicity

Possible side effects include allergic reactions, systemic toxicity, and CNS effects such as seizures in cases of overdose.