Pharmacology, Administration, and Adverse Effects of Pharmacotherapies for Leprosy

Introduction

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, primarily affecting the skin, nerves, and mucosa. Effective treatment relies on multi-drug therapy (MDT) based on national guidelines.

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Anti-Leprosy Drugs

Dapsone

Dapsone is a sulfones antibiotic with bacteriostatic action against M. leprae. It is absorbed well orally and has a half-life of approximately 30 hours.

Rifampicin

Rifampicin is a bactericidal agent that inhibits RNA synthesis in M. leprae. It has a rapid onset of action and reaches peak plasma levels within 2-3 hours of oral administration.

Clofazimine

Clofazimine is an anti-mycobacterial drug with anti-inflammatory properties, reducing reactional states in leprosy patients.

Administration and Adverse Effects

Dapsone

• Administered orally, once daily
• Possible side effects: hemolysis, methemoglobinemia, and allergic reactions

Rifampicin

• Given in monthly supervised doses
• Adverse effects: hepatotoxicity, flu-like syndrome, and red-orange discoloration of bodily fluids

Clofazimine

• Administered as part of MDT regimen
• Side effects: skin discoloration, gastrointestinal disturbances, and photosensitivity

Conclusion

MDT remains the cornerstone of leprosy treatment, ensuring effective disease management while minimizing resistance. Adherence to national guidelines ensures optimal therapeutic outcomes.