Pharmacological Therapies for Obstructive Airway Disease (OAD)

Mast Cell Stabilizers: Mechanism, Common Drugs, and Their Role in Preventing Bronchoconstriction

Obstructive airway disease (OAD) encompasses conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway obstruction and inflammation. Among various pharmacological treatments, mast cell stabilizers play a crucial role in preventing bronchoconstriction.

Mechanism of Mast Cell Stabilizers

Mast cell stabilizers work by inhibiting the degranulation of mast cells, which prevents the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators responsible for airway constriction. By stabilizing mast cells, these drugs help maintain airway patency and reduce hypersensitivity reactions.

Common Mast Cell Stabilizers

• Cromolyn Sodium: Used in asthma management, cromolyn sodium prevents allergic and exercise-induced bronchospasms.
• Nedocromil Sodium: Another effective mast cell stabilizer that helps control asthma symptoms.

Role in Preventing Bronchoconstriction

Mast cell stabilizers are primarily used for long-term asthma management rather than immediate relief of symptoms. They are beneficial in preventing asthma exacerbations and reducing dependence on corticosteroids.