Pharmacological Management of Cough: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics

Introduction

Cough is a common symptom in respiratory diseases and can be managed pharmacologically using antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics.

Types of Cough Medications

Antitussives

Antitussives suppress the cough reflex by acting on the central nervous system.

• Codeine: Opioid receptor agonist
• Dextromethorphan: NMDA receptor antagonist

Expectorants

Expectorants increase mucus production, aiding in its removal.

• Guaifenesin: Enhances mucociliary clearance

Mucolytics

Mucolytics reduce mucus viscosity to make it easier to expel.

• Acetylcysteine: Breaks disulfide bonds in mucus
• Bromhexine: Stimulates lysosomal activity

Pharmacokinetics

Each drug has distinct absorption, metabolism, and excretion pathways, impacting its efficacy and duration of action.

Conclusion

Choosing the right pharmacological agent depends on the type of cough and underlying pathology.