Pharmacological Aspects of Antileprotic Drugs

Leprosy, caused by Mycobacterium leprae, is a chronic infectious disease that primarily affects the skin, peripheral nerves, and mucosa. Effective antileprotic drugs are essential in managing and preventing the spread of the disease.

Indications for Antileprotic Drug Use

Antileprotic drugs are prescribed for various stages of leprosy and related conditions. Common indications include:

• Treatment of paucibacillary and multibacillary leprosy
• Prevention of disease progression and complications
• Management of lepra reactions and neuritis
• Post-exposure prophylaxis in contacts

Types of Antileprotic Drugs

Dapsone

Dapsone is a sulfone antibiotic that inhibits bacterial synthesis by acting on dihydropteroate synthase.

Clofazimine

A dye-based drug with anti-inflammatory properties, clofazimine interferes with bacterial DNA replication.

Rifampicin

Known for its bactericidal effect, rifampicin inhibits RNA synthesis and is a key component of multidrug therapy (MDT).

Multidrug Therapy (MDT)

MDT is the standard approach to leprosy treatment, combining these drugs to prevent resistance and ensure effective bacterial eradication.

Adverse Effects and Monitoring

Common adverse effects include hemolysis, hepatotoxicity, and skin pigmentation. Regular monitoring ensures safe and effective use.