Abortive Therapy for Migraine

Migraine is a debilitating neurological disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of severe headache, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. Abortive therapy aims to relieve symptoms quickly and prevent progression.

Pharmacological Agents Used in Abortive Therapy

Triptans

Triptans (e.g., sumatriptan, rizatriptan) are serotonin receptor agonists that act on 5-HT1B/1D receptors to induce vasoconstriction and inhibit neuropeptide release. They are effective in managing acute migraine attacks.

NSAIDs

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen and naproxen help alleviate pain and inflammation by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes.

Ergot Alkaloids

Ergot derivatives like ergotamine and dihydroergotamine exert their effects by constricting blood vessels and modulating serotonin pathways, offering relief for migraine symptoms.

Anti-emetics

Medications like metoclopramide and ondansetron are used to manage nausea and vomiting associated with migraines.

Considerations for Therapy

Patients should be evaluated for contraindications before starting abortive therapy, especially those with cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled hypertension. Overuse of medications can lead to rebound headaches.