Peripheral Nerve Injuries

Classification of Peripheral Nerve Injuries

Peripheral nerve injuries can be classified based on their severity and pathology. The three primary classifications include:

1. Neurapraxia

Neurapraxia is the mildest form of nerve injury, characterized by temporary loss of function without structural damage. Recovery occurs within days to weeks.

2. Axonotmesis

Axonotmesis involves axonal disruption but preserved connective tissue sheaths. Recovery may take several months, often requiring physical therapy.

3. Neurotmesis

Neurotmesis is the most severe type, involving complete nerve transection. Surgical intervention is often necessary for recovery.

Causes and Symptoms

• Causes: Trauma, compression, ischemia, toxins, and inflammatory conditions.
• Symptoms: Numbness, weakness, pain, and muscle atrophy in affected regions.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis includes clinical evaluation, electromyography (EMG), and nerve conduction studies. Treatment varies by injury severity and may involve conservative management, physical rehabilitation, or surgical intervention.