Peripheral Nerve Injuries: Causes and Mechanisms

Peripheral nerves play a crucial role in motor and sensory functions. Damage to these nerves can result from various causes, significantly affecting a patient's quality of life.

Causes of Peripheral Nerve Injuries

Peripheral nerve injuries occur due to several mechanisms:

• Trauma: Blunt force trauma or penetrating injuries can lead to nerve damage.
• Compression: Prolonged pressure on nerves, such as carpal tunnel syndrome.
• Stretching: Sudden elongation of nerves due to accidents or sports injuries.
• Neuropathy: Diabetes, autoimmune disorders, or infections can contribute to nerve deterioration.

Mechanisms of Injury

Nerve injuries are classified based on the extent of damage:

• Neurapraxia: Temporary blockage without axonal disruption.
• Axonotmesis: Axonal damage with intact surrounding structures.
• Neurotmesis: Complete severance of the nerve, requiring surgical intervention.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Peripheral nerve injuries are diagnosed through clinical evaluation, electromyography (EMG), and imaging studies. Treatment may include:

• Physical therapy to restore function.
• Medications like NSAIDs or corticosteroids.
• Surgical repair for severe cases.