Anatomical Structure of the Tooth

Periodontal Ligament - Role in Tooth Support and Health

The periodontal ligament (PDL) plays a crucial role in maintaining tooth stability and health. This specialized connective tissue is located between the cementum and the alveolar bone, providing support and cushioning during mastication.

Functions of the Periodontal Ligament

• Support and Stability: The PDL anchors the tooth to the alveolar bone, allowing minor movements and distributing occlusal forces.
• Shock Absorption: Acts as a cushion to absorb mechanical stress from chewing and biting.
• Regenerative Role: Contains fibroblasts that aid in tissue repair and regeneration.

Composition and Cellular Structure

The periodontal ligament consists of fibroblasts, cementoblasts, osteoblasts, and epithelial cell rests of Malassez. These cells contribute to periodontal homeostasis and defense against pathogens.

Clinical Significance

Pathologies affecting the PDL, such as periodontitis, can lead to tooth mobility and eventual loss. Maintaining optimal oral hygiene and regular dental visits are essential for periodontal health.