Perform and Identify ABO and Rh Blood Grouping

Principles of ABO and Rh blood grouping

ABO and Rh blood grouping are crucial for transfusion safety and medical diagnostics.

6/7/20256 min read63 views
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ABO and Rh Blood Grouping - Principles & Procedure

Perform and Identify ABO and Rh Blood Grouping

Introduction

Blood grouping is a fundamental process in medical diagnostics, ensuring safe transfusions and identifying blood type compatibility. The ABO and Rh blood group systems are the most clinically significant.

Principles of ABO and Rh Blood Grouping

ABO Blood Group System

  • Type A: Presence of A antigen on red blood cells; anti-B antibodies in plasma.
  • Type B: Presence of B antigen; anti-A antibodies in plasma.
  • Type AB: Presence of both A and B antigens; no anti-A or anti-B antibodies.
  • Type O: Absence of A and B antigens; presence of anti-A and anti-B antibodies.

Rh Blood Group System

The Rh system is determined by the presence (Rh-positive) or absence (Rh-negative) of the Rh(D) antigen on red blood cells.

Procedure for ABO and Rh Blood Grouping

1. Sample Collection

Venous or finger-prick blood sample collected using aseptic technique.

2. Mixing with Antisera

  • Mix blood with anti-A, anti-B, and anti-D sera.
  • Observe agglutination for blood group determination.

3. Interpretation

Agglutination pattern identifies ABO type and Rh status.

Clinical Importance

  • Blood transfusion: Prevents hemolytic reactions.
  • Organ transplantation: Ensures compatibility.
  • Prenatal screening: Prevents Rh incompatibility complications.

Conclusion

Accurate blood grouping is vital for patient safety and effective medical interventions.

Tags

#ABO blood group#Rh factor#blood typing#pathology#medical diagnostics

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