Perform and Identify ABO and Rh Blood Grouping
Principles of ABO and Rh blood grouping
ABO and Rh blood grouping are crucial for transfusion safety and medical diagnostics.
6/7/2025• 6 min read• 63 views
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Perform and Identify ABO and Rh Blood Grouping
Introduction
Blood grouping is a fundamental process in medical diagnostics, ensuring safe transfusions and identifying blood type compatibility. The ABO and Rh blood group systems are the most clinically significant.
Principles of ABO and Rh Blood Grouping
ABO Blood Group System
- Type A: Presence of A antigen on red blood cells; anti-B antibodies in plasma.
- Type B: Presence of B antigen; anti-A antibodies in plasma.
- Type AB: Presence of both A and B antigens; no anti-A or anti-B antibodies.
- Type O: Absence of A and B antigens; presence of anti-A and anti-B antibodies.
Rh Blood Group System
The Rh system is determined by the presence (Rh-positive) or absence (Rh-negative) of the Rh(D) antigen on red blood cells.
Procedure for ABO and Rh Blood Grouping
1. Sample Collection
Venous or finger-prick blood sample collected using aseptic technique.
2. Mixing with Antisera
- Mix blood with anti-A, anti-B, and anti-D sera.
- Observe agglutination for blood group determination.
3. Interpretation
Agglutination pattern identifies ABO type and Rh status.
Clinical Importance
- Blood transfusion: Prevents hemolytic reactions.
- Organ transplantation: Ensures compatibility.
- Prenatal screening: Prevents Rh incompatibility complications.
Conclusion
Accurate blood grouping is vital for patient safety and effective medical interventions.
Tags
#ABO blood group#Rh factor#blood typing#pathology#medical diagnostics
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