Etiology of Upper and Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Pathophysiology of GI bleeding and its impact on the body
Gastrointestinal bleeding is a serious pathology categorized into upper and lower GI bleeding. Understanding its etiology and impact on the body is crucial for effective diagnosis and management.
Etiology of Upper and Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Pathophysiology of GI Bleeding and Its Impact on the Body
Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a serious medical condition that occurs due to various pathological changes in the digestive system. It can be classified into upper and lower GI bleeding based on its source.
Causes of Upper GI Bleeding
- Peptic Ulcer Disease: Commonly caused by Helicobacter pylori infection or NSAID use.
- Esophageal Varices: Often related to liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension.
- Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach lining due to alcohol, medications, or infections.
- Mallory-Weiss Syndrome: Tears in the mucosa of the esophagus due to forceful vomiting.
Causes of Lower GI Bleeding
- Diverticulosis: Painless bleeding from small bulging pouches in the colon.
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
- Colorectal Cancer: Malignant growths causing chronic bleeding.
- Angiodysplasia: Abnormal vascular formations leading to bleeding.
Impact on the Body
GI bleeding can lead to anemia, hypovolemia, and shock if left untreated. Timely diagnosis using endoscopic procedures and imaging techniques is crucial.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis involves clinical evaluation, lab tests, and imaging. Treatment may include hemostatic therapy, surgical intervention, or endoscopic management.
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