Pathophysiology of Autoimmune Diseases

Introduction

Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues. This dysregulation leads to chronic inflammation and tissue damage.

Mechanisms of Immune System Dysregulation

Loss of Self-Tolerance

The immune system fails to distinguish self from non-self, leading to an attack on healthy tissues.

Genetic Predisposition

Certain genetic markers, such as HLA haplotypes, contribute to susceptibility to autoimmune diseases.

Environmental Triggers

• Infections
• Stress
• Hormonal changes
• Exposure to toxins

Examples of Autoimmune Diseases

• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Type 1 diabetes
• Multiple sclerosis
• Systemic lupus erythematosus

Pathogenesis and Impact

Autoimmune diseases involve chronic inflammation, tissue destruction, and altered immune responses, leading to significant morbidity.

Conclusion

Understanding autoimmune disease mechanisms aids in developing effective therapies to restore immune balance.